<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;"> 涨知识！遇到这样的白菜要小心了！！ </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-align:center;">   </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> <span>冬季适宜吃白菜</span> </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> <span>炒锅炒</span>...<span>火锅煮</span><span>...</span><span>炖锅炖</span><span>...</span> </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> <span>但你可能不知道</span>...... </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> <span>白菜病毒病</span> </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;">   </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 病毒病为白菜的主要病言 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 分布广泛，发生普遍 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 多在夏秋季，发病较重 </p> <p class="p" align="justify" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:justify;">   </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 此病在幼苗期发生较重 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 染病轻时仅表现为轻度畸形花叶 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 幼苗或幼株叶片颜色浓淡不均 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> <span>出现不均匀花叶</span>.黄化或轻度皱缩、畸形 </p> <p class="p" align="justify" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:justify;">   </p> <p class="p" align="justify" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:justify;">   </p> <p class="p" align="justify" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:justify;">   </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 染病较重时明显畸形 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 心叶不发，皱缩或扭曲 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 外叶颜色浓淡不均，皱缩歪扭 </p> <p class="p" align="justify" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:justify;">   </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 另一种为坏死斑点型 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 多在外叶上出现许多大小不等、近圆形至不规则形 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 黄褐至灰褐色坏死斑 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 病斑中央凹陷 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 有时边缘具有黄色晕环 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 或出现环状坏死蚀纹斑 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 随病害发展病叶迅速坏死 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 系统感染芜青花叶病毒则表现为心叶白化坏死 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 其上散生许多不规则灰褐色坏死小斑 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 菜株严重畸形，随后病林即死亡 </p> <p class="p" align="justify" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:justify;">   </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;">   </p> <p class="p" align="justify" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:21.0000pt;text-align:justify;">   </p> <p class="p" align="justify" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:21.0000pt;text-align:justify;">   </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> <span>白菜细菌性角班病</span> </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;">   </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 角斑病为白菜的重要病害 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 在夏秋露地种植发病严重 </p> <p class="p" align="justify" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:justify;">   </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;">   </p> <p class="p" align="justify" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:justify;">   </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 此病主要侵害叶片 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 初在叶柄两侧出现油渍状污绿色病斑 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 逐渐发展成灰褐至黑褐色稍凹陷斑 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 因受叶脉限制呈膜状不规则形或多角形 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 大小不等，有的半透明 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 病斑表面略具光泽 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 湿度大时叶背病斑表面常溢出污白色菌液 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 空气干燥时病部易破裂穿孔 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 幼株发病后遇阴雨或暴雨 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 常使多片外叶或整株染病坏死 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 病叶和叶柄呈锈褐色干腐 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 或呈筛状破裂穿孔 </p> <p class="p" align="justify" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:21.0000pt;text-align:justify;">   </p> <p class="p" align="justify" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:21.0000pt;text-align:justify;">   </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> <span>白菜黑腐病</span> </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;">   </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 黑腐病为白菜的主要病害 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 分布很广，发生普遍 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 保护地、露地都可发病 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 以夏秋高温多雨季发病较重 </p> <p class="p" align="justify" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:justify;">   </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;">   </p> <p class="p" align="justify" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:justify;">   </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 此病主要危害叶片 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 全生育期都可发病 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 播种带菌种子可造成烂种 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 出土后子叶染病呈水渍状 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 迅速蔓延至真叶或枯死 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> <span>真叶染病，多在叶缘形成</span>V字形黄褐色坏死斑 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 病菌从伤口侵入 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 可在叶片任何部位形成不定形黄褐色病斑 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 病斑边缘常具黄褐色晕圈，随病害发展病斑向周围迅速扩展 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 致周围叶肉变黄枯死 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 病菌扩展至茎部维管束后 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 逐渐蔓延到多个叶片的叶脉和叶柄 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 引起植株萎蔫死亡，最后呈褐色干腐 </p> <p class="p" align="justify" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:21.0000pt;text-align:justify;">   </p> <p class="p" align="justify" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:21.0000pt;text-align:justify;">   </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> <span>白菜软腐病</span> </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;">   </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 软腐病为白菜的常发性病害 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 分布广泛，一般零星发病 </p> <p class="p" align="justify" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:justify;">   </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;">   </p> <p class="p" align="justify" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:justify;">   </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 此病常在多雨季节或害虫发生较重时发生 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 多由叶柄基部伤口处侵染 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 病部初呈水渍状 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 逐渐扩大变为淡灰褐色 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 叶柄组织软化腐烂并释放出臭味 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 严重时病害沿叶柄基部向根茎发展，终致菜株腐烂。 </p> <p class="p" align="justify" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:21.0000pt;text-align:justify;">   </p> <p class="p" align="justify" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:21.0000pt;text-align:justify;">   </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> <span>白菜霜霉病</span> </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;">   </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 霜霉病为白菜的主要病害 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 主要在南方菜区发生为害 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 以长江流域发生普遍 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 春季多阴雨，此病发生危害严重 </p> <p class="p" align="justify" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:justify;">   </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;">   </p> <p class="p" align="justify" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:justify;">   </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 此病主要为害叶片 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 从外叶开始侵染 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 病斑叶两面生 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 发病初期在叶片上产生黄绿色小点 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 逐渐转变成红褐至灰白色不规则形坏死斑 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 进一步发展成多角形至不规形病班 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 大小差异很大，随病情发展多个病斑相互连接形成不规则形大斑 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 终致叶片坏死干枯 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 空气湿度大时，叶背病斑表面长出白色病菌孢囊梗和孢子囊 </p> <p class="p" align="justify" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:justify;">   </p> <p class="p" align="justify" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:21.0000pt;text-align:justify;">   </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> <span>白菜白斑病</span> </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;">   </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 白斑病为白菜的一般性病害 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 在南方部分地区常年发生 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 以春、秋露地种植发病较重 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 北方局部地区也常年发生 </p> <p class="p" align="justify" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:justify;">   </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;">   </p> <p class="p" align="justify" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:justify;">   </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 本病主要为害叶片 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 特别严重时亦侵染叶柄 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 叶片病斑初为浅绿色小点 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 逐渐变成灰白至灰褐色近圆形斑 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 以后发展成大小不等形状各异的不定形略凹陷病斑 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 空气干燥时病部组织干缩变薄 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 破裂或穿孔 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 病害严重时，叶片上病斑密布 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 互相连接致叶片枯黄坏死 </p> <p class="p" align="justify" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:21.0000pt;text-align:justify;">   </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:21.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 看来即使是常见蔬菜植物 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:21.0000pt;text-align:center;"> <span>也有这么多必须被</span>“过滤”的“硬知识” </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:21.0000pt;text-align:center;"> 关注我 </p> <p class="p" align="center" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:21.0000pt;text-align:center;"> <span>发现更多不为人知的</span>“蔬植”秘密 </p> <p class="p" align="justify" style="margin-left:0.0000pt;text-indent:0.0000pt;text-align:justify;">   </p> <p class="MsoNormal">   </p> <p class="MsoNormal">   </p>